Ngomhla we-23 ka-Matshi iNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoRhwebo kunye noPhuhliso (i-UNCTAD) ikhuphe ukuhlaziywa kwayo ngokutsha kwintengiso yehlabathi, ifumanisa ukuba urhwebo lwehlabathi luhlaza ngakumbi kwi-2022, luqhutywa yimpahla yokusingqongileyo.Ukuhlelwa kwezinto ezisingqongileyo okanye eziluhlaza (ekwaziwa ngokuba yimpahla ehambelana nokusingqongileyo) kwingxelo kusekelwe kuluhlu oludityanisiweyo lwe-OECD lweempahla zokusingqongileyo, ezisebenzisa izibonelelo ezimbalwa nezikhupha izinto ezingcolisa indalo ezimbalwa kunorhwebo lwemveli.Ngokwezibalo, umthamo wezorhwebo wehlabathi jikelele weempahla zokusingqongileyo ufikelele kwi-1.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US kwi-2022, i-akhawunti ye-10.7% yomthamo wokurhweba weempahla ezenziweyo.Ngo-2022, uhlengahlengiso lwempahla yorhwebo kurhwebo lwehlabathi lucacile.Thelekisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempahla ngokomthamo worhwebo wenyanga.Ngokwexabiso lempahla, umthamo worhwebo ngoJanuwari 2022 wawuyi-100. Umthamo wokurhweba weempahla zokusingqongileyo kwi-2022 ukhawuleze ukusuka ngo-Apreli ukuya kwi-103.6 ngo-Agasti, kwaye emva koko ugcine ukukhula okuzinzile ukuya kwi-104.2 ngoDisemba.Ngokwahlukileyo, ezinye izinto eziveliswayo, ezaqala kwi-100 ngoJanuwari, zanyuka ukuya phezulu ngonyaka kwi-100.9 ngoJuni noJulayi, zaza zawa ngokukhawuleza, zawela kwi-99.5 ngoDisemba.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwempahla yokusingqongileyo kuhambelana ngokucacileyo nokukhula korhwebo lwehlabathi, kodwa aluhambelani ngokupheleleyo.Ngo-2022, urhwebo lwehlabathi lwafikelela kwirekhodi yeedola ezingama-32 eebhiliyoni.Kolu lulonke, urhwebo lwempahla lwalumalunga ne-US $25 yetriliyoni, ukwanda nge-10% kunonyaka ophelileyo.Urhwebo kwiinkonzo belumalunga ne-7 yeetriliyoni zeedola, lunyuke ngeepesenti ezili-15 ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo.Ukususela kwixesha lokusasazwa konyaka, umthamo wezorhwebo wehlabathi wawuqhutywa ikakhulu kukukhula komthamo worhwebo kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ngelixa ababuthathaka (kodwa begcina ukukhula) umthamo worhwebo kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka (ingakumbi owesine. ikota) ilinganiswe ekukhuleni komthamo worhwebo enyakeni.Nangona ukukhula korhwebo lwehlabathi kwimpahla ngokucacileyo phantsi koxinzelelo kwi-2022, ukurhweba kwiinkonzo kubonise ukomelela.Kwikota yesine ka-2022, umthamo wezorhwebo wehlabathi ugcine ukukhula nangona ukwehla komthamo worhwebo, okubonisa ukuba imfuno yokungenisa elizweni ihleli yomelele.
Utshintsho kuqoqosho lwehlabathi luyakhula ngokukhawuleza.Ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa, urhwebo lweemveliso ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo luyakhawuleza.Uqoqosho lohlaza luchaze ngokutsha iingenelo zokuthelekisa zawo onke amaqela kuthungelwano lwezorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwaze lwaseka indlela entsha yokuqhuba amandla ophuhliso.Kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lweemveliso eziluhlaza, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kweliphi inqanaba, kunokwenzeka ukuba uzuze ngokurhweba kweempahla kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene nokusingqongileyo ngexesha elifanayo.Uqoqosho lokuqala olushukumayo ekuvelisweni nasekusetyenzisweni kweempahla zokusingqongileyo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto zobuchwepheshe, ukunika ukudlala ngokupheleleyo kwiingenelo zabo zobuchwepheshe kunye nokusungula kunye nokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezinxulumene nazo;Uqoqosho olusebenzisa iimveliso eziluhlaza okanye iinkonzo ngokukhawuleza kufuneka zingenise iimveliso zendalo esingqongileyo ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zenguqu yoqoqosho lohlaza kunye nophuhliso, ukunciphisa umjikelo wenguqu eluhlaza, kunye nokuxhasa "uhlaza" kuqoqosho lwelizwe.Uphuhliso lwetheknoloji ludale iindlela ezintsha zokutshatisa kunye nokwanelisa unikezelo kunye nemfuno yeemveliso eziluhlaza, ezixhasa ngakumbi uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lorhwebo oluluhlaza.Xa kuthelekiswa no-2021, urhwebo lwehlabathi phantse kuzo zonke iindidi zeempahla zehla ngo-2022, ngaphandle kwezothutho ezindleleni, apho iimpahla zokusingqongileyo zidlale indima ebalulekileyo.Urhwebo kwizithuthi zombane kunye nezixubeneyo zonyuke ngeepesenti ezingama-25 ngonyaka, ukupakishwa okungeyiyo iplastiki ngeepesenti ezingama-20 kunye neeinjini zomoya nge-10 ekhulwini.Imvumelwano eyandisiweyo malunga nophuhliso lohlaza kunye nesiphumo sobungakanani beemveliso kunye neenkonzo zinciphisa iindleko zoqoqosho lokusingqongileyo kwaye zinyuse ngakumbi amandla emarike kuphuhliso lorhwebo ngokusingqongileyo.